What Are SEO, AEO and Generative Engine Optimization? A Plain-English Guide
What is generative engine optimization? A plain-English guide to SEO, AEO and GEO, what Google says about each, and what AI tools like ChatGPT actually…

Getting your brand mentioned in ChatGPT is not a trick, a plug-in, or a setting you can switch on. ChatGPT names the companies that trusted sources already write about. So the real question is how to become a company that trusted sources write about. This guide walks through it step by step, in plain English, for the buyer who has never hired a PR agency.
I have spent more than 25 years at top New York PR agencies and in-house at the NBA and NASCAR, and this year I was named a 2026 PR News Person of the Year in the Data and Digital PR Disruptors category. Most of what follows is the same work PR people have always done. What changed is that a chatbot now reads the results.
ChatGPT learns about your company in two ways. OpenAI’s own documentation on its web crawlers describes both. One crawler, GPTBot, collects public web content that may be used to train OpenAI’s models. The other, OAI-SearchBot, is used “to surface websites in search results in ChatGPT’s search features.” In plain terms, ChatGPT answers from what it learned in training and from what it finds when it searches the web live.
Either way, the brands mentioned in ChatGPT are the ones other people published something about. And it shows its work. Muck Rack, a media database used by PR teams, studied the links AI tools cite and found that ChatGPT includes citations in 96% of its responses, averaging about five sources per answer.
Five sources is a short list. If you want to be mentioned in ChatGPT, you need to be in the articles that make that list. The same Muck Rack report found that about 84% of AI citations come from earned media, meaning journalism, research, Wikipedia, and other content a third party chose to publish. About 27% come from journalism alone.
We covered those citation patterns in detail in AI Search Visibility: Is Your Company in ChatGPT’s Answer? That post also has a 30-minute test you can run today to see what ChatGPT says about you. This post is about what to do once you have the answer.
Start with the X’s and O’s. If ChatGPT cannot read your site, it cannot cite it, and you make it harder to get mentioned in ChatGPT at all.
OpenAI says that sites opted out of OAI-SearchBot “will not be shown in ChatGPT search answers,” and it recommends allowing OAI-SearchBot in your robots.txt file. Robots.txt is a small text file that tells crawlers which parts of your site they may visit. Ask your web developer to check it. It takes five minutes.
While they are in there, make sure your site says plainly who you are, what you sell, who you sell it to, and where you operate. Put those facts on your home page and your About page in simple sentences. Clear facts are easier for any reader to repeat, human or machine.
Here is the honest limit of this step. A perfectly readable website is the foundation, not the strategy. Your own site is your company talking about itself, and owned and paid content together make up only about 16% of AI citations in the Muck Rack study. Fixing your site keeps you eligible. It does not get you mentioned in ChatGPT on its own. For how the technical side fits with the rest, see our plain-English guide to SEO, AEO, and GEO.
This is the step that does the heavy lifting, and it is a PR job.
When ChatGPT answers “What is the best company for X?”, it leans heavily on what third parties have published about X. If reporters have covered your competitor and not you, the competitor gets mentioned in ChatGPT and you do not. The fix is to get covered by the outlets ChatGPT is already reading for your category.
The 30-minute test I mentioned above shows you exactly which outlets those are, because ChatGPT lists its sources under the answer. Write them down. That list becomes your media target list. A story in an outlet that ChatGPT cites for your category is usually worth more for this goal than a dozen stories in outlets it ignores.
Earned coverage also does a second job. When a news story links to your website, that backlink matters to Google, which says it uses links as a signal when judging the relevance of pages. Across our clients, we at Prism have placed more than 25,000 stories and earned 20,000 backlinks, and every one of those links exists because a journalist decided the story was worth publishing. That is why our SEO linkbuilding work and our AI visibility work are the same work.
Coverage does not come from announcements. It comes from news, and the most reliable way to make news is to publish something nobody else has.
Reporters want that. In Cision’s 2026 State of the Media survey of 1,899 journalists, 66% said they rely on PR for story ideas, and they named original research, credible data, and expert access among the things that work. The door is open. What you send through it has to be worth their time.
That is why we build newsworthy studies. We take a question your customers already care about and answer it with data, often public data from federal agencies, ranked across all 50 states or major cities. A national version goes to national reporters. A state version goes to reporters in each state, because a reporter in Ohio needs to know how Ohio ranks. Our data-driven studies page shows what goes into one.
Here is what that looks like in practice, and why a study helps you get mentioned in ChatGPT. For Social Catfish, an online-safety company, we built an annual State of Online Scams study from FBI, FTC, and platform data and pitched it all year. The Social Catfish case study reports 3,862 editorial backlinks, coverage in CNBC, USA Today, Reuters, and Business Insider, and revenue up 372%. Every one of those stories is now something an AI tool can read.
One story is a spike. AI tools lean toward recent coverage, so getting mentioned in ChatGPT is not a one-time project.
Muck Rack found that among journalism citations with a known publish date, 57% were published within the last 12 months. Its report describes citations peaking in the first month after an article runs, dropping through month six, and then flattening into a long tail. Older stories still count, but fresh coverage counts most.
In plain English: if your last big press hit was three years ago, you are less likely to be mentioned in ChatGPT today, because it is probably quoting someone else’s more recent story. A competitor that lands a new story every month will keep showing up in answers while you fade out of them.
That is the case for a steady calendar instead of a single launch. Our full-service clients run 6 to 12 studies a year on a 12-month engagement, so new coverage keeps arriving and older coverage keeps working in the background. If you want to test the approach first, our pay-for-performance tier starts at $1,999 for a study, and you are billed only for DR 50+ links that actually run. No links, no invoice. Our PR services page explains both options.
Sometimes the problem is not that you are missing. It is that you are mentioned in ChatGPT for the wrong reasons, because the coverage it reads is old, negative, or simply incorrect.
Start with Wikipedia. Muck Rack found Wikipedia is ChatGPT’s most-cited domain, and it appears in ChatGPT’s top three cited domains in 12 of 17 industries. If your company has a Wikipedia page, ChatGPT is very likely reading it. Read it yourself.
Being mentioned in ChatGPT through an outdated or one-sided Wikipedia article is a real risk. Be careful how you fix it. Wikipedia’s conflict of interest guideline says paid editors must disclose who is paying them, and it strongly discourages people with a conflict from editing their own company’s article directly. The approved route is to propose changes on the article’s talk page, backed by independent sources. Which brings you back to Step 2: Wikipedia runs on published coverage, so you need the coverage first.
The same is true for negative press. Bad stories do not disappear. They get outnumbered. Gaia, a streaming service, came to us with coverage that was almost entirely negative, a record that, as the Gaia case study puts it, followed the company into search results, AI answers, and its own Wikipedia page. A year of PR and reputation work produced 491 stories, and coverage went to 100% positive or neutral.
A lot of what is sold under the AI search label does not hold up. Three things to skip:
If someone promises to get you mentioned in ChatGPT by a certain date, ask them how. A real answer will sound like PR: research, reporters, and coverage. You can see the results ours have produced on our case studies page.
Not through the answers themselves. In Muck Rack’s May 2026 study, paid and advertorial content made up about 0.3% of AI citations. What gets cited is coverage a reporter or editor chose to publish.
It depends on how much credible coverage already exists in your category. When ChatGPT searches the web, new coverage can show up as a cited source. Building the steady stream of coverage that makes you a regular answer takes months of consistent work, not weeks.
No special code. OpenAI recommends allowing its OAI-SearchBot crawler in your robots.txt file so your site can appear in ChatGPT search. Beyond that, clear facts on your site help, but third-party coverage is what moves the answer.
Yes. AI tools read the article, not only the link, so a credible mention in a trusted outlet can help you get mentioned in ChatGPT. A link adds a Google ranking benefit on top, so the strongest campaigns aim for both. Our backlink reclamation work turns past mentions into links.
Ask ChatGPT the questions your buyers ask, start a fresh chat for each one, and note which companies and sources it names. Repeat the test every quarter so you can see progress.
ChatGPT repeats what trusted sources say. Getting mentioned in ChatGPT is the outcome of earned media, not a separate trick. Make sure it can read your site, then earn steady coverage in the outlets it already cites, and fix what it gets wrong with better coverage, not paid posts. If you want to know where you stand today, schedule an intro meeting and we will show you what ChatGPT says about you and your competitors.
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